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open-closed prinicple
The Open-Close Principle was introduced by Bertrand Meyer in his book Object-Oriented Siftware Construction and states
A software artifact should be open for extension but closed for modification
As Martin states:
The OCP is one of the driving forces behind the architecture of systems.The goal is to make the system easy to extend without incurring a high impact of change. This goal is accomplished by partitioning the system into components and arranging those components into a dependency hierarchy that protects higher-level components from changes in lower-level components